STAR POWER
Project Sponsored by the Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science (OFES)

Life on Earth depends on the vast energy stream released by nuclear fusion taking place in the Sun. All stars are examples of fusion power. Scientists and engineers around the World have worked for the past 30 years to produce Controlled Nuclear Fusion in the laboratory with the aim of finding a clean, inexhaustible supply of energy for the planet Earth.

The two large tokamaks shown below come very close to producing the first scientific demonstration of break even in the laboratory. New fusion reactor designs under active research are FEAT -the Fusion Energy Amplifier Tokamak and Ignitor -a compact, high field tokamak designed to reach the ignition condition for the nuclear fire. Tables below of these system parameters are given. A working document on the physics issues of the Ignitor system under preparation for a panel on Thermonuclear Fusion convened by the French Department of Energy is also given below. Links to the older ITER reactor design websites are also given.

Some useful scientific works from the Institute for Fusion Studies and its collaborators in Europe and Japan are given on this website. Links to the other useful websites are also given here.

JT-60U

JET

IGNITOR
ITER

CMOD

IGNITOR
IGNITOR

GAMMA-10 Tandem Mirror

Electron Temperature Gradient Driven Turbulence Movie (44MB) 3D psuedo-spectral simulation of the ETG turbulence in low shear regime of NSTX or LAPD Isolines of electrostatic potential which is the same as flows lines of EXB flux of plasma are shown with RED = positive potential and BLUE = negative potential and GREEN near zero potential. The toroidal magnetic field is out of the page in the x-y plots on the left side of screen and in the vertical direction along z in the y(horizontal)-z(vertical) plots on the right side of the screen. The scale length of unity is the electron gyroradius for x and y and the density gradient scale length Ln for the z coordinate. The movie is made by Horton and Leonard in April 2005. For more details see the Horton et al IAEA preprint on this website.

Parameters for ITER-FEAT and IGNITOR

Reactor	R (m) Major Radius	a (m) Minor Radius	I_P (MA) Plasma Current	B_T (T) Toroidal Field	kappa Elongation	P (MW) Power	<n_e> (10¹⁹m^-3) Electron Mean Density
ITER-FEAT	6.2	2.0	15.1	5.3	1.85	120	9.7
IGNITOR	1.32	0.47	11	13	1.83	35.2	62

People

W. Horton
P. Zhu
Bo Hu
Bob Weigel
Hideo Sugama
Lee Leonard

C. Chiu
W. Horton
J.C. Perez
K. Gentle

Conference Talks and Seminars

W. Horton, J.-H. Kim, E. Asp, T. Hoang, T.H. Watanabe, and H. Sugama. "Drift Wave Turbulence" FIRST ITER SUMMER SCHOOL: TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMAS, Aix-en-Provence, France, 16-20 July 2007.
W. Horton, G.T Hoang, John Kim, E. Asp, H. Park, T.-H. Watanabe, and H. Sugama. "Electron Thermal Transport" FIRST ITER SUMMER SCHOOL: TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMAS, Aix-en-Provence, France, 16-20 July 2007.
J. Pratt, W. Horton, H.L. Berk. "Drift Waves in the GAMMA-10 and Kinetically Stabilized Tandem Mirror," 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, October 30-November 3, 2006, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J.H. Kim, W. Horton, S.M. Kaye, R.E. Bell, B.P. LeBlanc. "Electron Transport in NSTX," 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, October 30-November 3, 2006, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
T.H. Watanabe, H. Sugama, W. Horton. "Gyrokinetic theory and simulation of toroidal ETG turbulence and zonal flow," 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, October 30-November 3, 2006, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
W. Horton, J. Pratt, H.L. Berk. "Energy Confinement Scaling Predictions for the Kinetically Stabilized Tandem Mirror,"(.ppt) OPEN MAGNETIC SYSTEMS FOR PLASMA CONFINEMENT, JULY 17-21, 2006, Tsukuba, Japan.
Jean C. Perez, Ph.D. final defense, May 2, 2006.
J. Pratt and W. Horton. Part 1 (pdf) Part 2 (ppt). IFS VIP talk series, April 18, 2006.
W. Horton, G.T. Hoang, et. al. Electron Transport and Critical Gradient in Tore Supra, 2003 Transport Task Force Meeting, April 2-5, Madison, WI.
Electron Transport in NSTX and Tore Supra, 2004 Transport Task Force Meeting, April 28-30, Salt Lake City, Utah.
W. Horton, B. Hu and P. Zhu, Electron Transport from Tore Supra to KSTAR, KSTAR Workshop, August 12-13, 2002.
W. Horton, P. Zhu, B. Hu and F. Porcelli Reversed Shear Confinement for Ignitor, April 23, 2002
W. Horton, Coulomb Scattering in a Magnetic Field, August 22, 2001
W. Horton, September 15, 2000, MIT, Electron Transport in Tore Supra
Hideo Sugama, Neoclassical and Anomalous Transport in Rotating Plasmas
Hideo Sugama, Gyro-Kinetic Field Theory
Hideo Sugama, Three-Mode ITG Problem and Damling of Toridal ITG Mode
Hideo Sugama, Nonlinear Solutions of a Three-Mode Coupling Problem of Ion Temperature Gradient Instability

Reports

Temperature gradient driven electron transport in NSTX and Tore Supra W. Horton¹, H.V. Wong¹, P.J. Morrison¹, A. Wurm¹, J.H. Kim¹, J.C. Perez¹, J. Pratt¹, G.T. Hoang², B.P. LeBlanc³ and R. Ball⁴
The Helimak: A One Dimensional Toroidal Plasma System. S. C. Luckhardt, UCSD-ENG-069. (Folder of jpg's)
Thermonuclear Tokamak Panel Report, CEA accepted 20 Nov 00.
Thermonuclear Tokamak Panel Report, Submitted to CEA, France, May 2000.*

* This version of the TTP document has not been endorsed by all committee members and is subject to on

going revisions. The TTP Report document has no Official Standing in the CEA at this time. Except for minor

compositional changes and corrections, the Report is the response prepared by Wendell Horton

and Franco Porcelli with generous contributions from other Committee Members to the Committee

Chair. The document incorporates the comments and contributions from those members who responded

to the Chair's request for a report by May 10. The report may still contain typographical errors and is

subject to changes.

ITER Technical Advisory Committee Meeting June 25-27, 2000, St. Petersburg.

Previous Work on ITG and ETG Modes

W. Horton, B-G. Hong, T. Tajima, and N. Bekki, Short Wavelength Drift-wave Turbulence Driven by Electron-temperature Gradient, Comments on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 13, 207-217 (1990)
B-G. Hong and W. Horton, Effect of Shear on Toroidal Ion Temperature Gradient Mode Turbulence, Phys. Fluids B, 2, 978-984 (1990)
S. Hamaguchi and W. Horton, Fluctuation Spectrum and Transport from Ion Temperature Gradient Driven Modes in Sheared Magnetic Fields, Phys. Fluids B, 2, 1833-1851 (1990)

Recent Reports and Articles

J. Pratt and W. Horton. Global Energy Confinement Scaling Predictions for the Kinetically Stabilized Tandem Mirror. Physics of Plasmas, 13, 042513 (2006).
R. F. Post Kinetically Stabilized Tandem Mirror: Summary of Studies. LLNL report, (2005).
Perez, Horton, Bengtson. Study of strong cross-field sheared flow with the vorticity probe in the large plasma device. Accepted for publication in Physics of Plasmas, 2006.
Perez, Horton, Gentle, Lee, Rowan, Dahlburg. Drift wave instability in the Helimak experiment Physics of Plasmas, 13, 031201 (2006).
W. Horton, Jean C. Perez, T. Carter and R. Bengston Vorticity probes and the characterization of vortices in the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the large plasma device experiment, Physics of Plasmas 12, 022303 (2005).
G.T. Hoang, W. Horton, C. Bourdelle, B. Hu, X. Garbet, and M. Ottaviani, Analysis of the critical electron temperature gradient in Tore Supra, Physics of Plasmas 10, 405 (2003).
B. Hu, Ph.D. Dissertation.
B. Hu, W. Horton, P. Zhu and F. Porcelli, Density Profile Control with Current Ramping in a Transport Simulation of Ignitor, Physics of Plasmas 10, 1015 (2003)
W. Horton and P. Zhu, Plasma Turbulence and Anomolous Transport.
B. Hu, P. Zhu, W. Horton and F. Porcelli, Density Profile Control with Current Ramping in a Transport Simulation of Ignitor, IFSR-943.
B. Hu, T. Petrosky and W. Horton, Chaotic Scattering and the Magneto-Coulomb Map, Physical Review E, 65:056212, 2002
B. Hu, W. Horton, C. Chiu and T. Petrosky, Coulomb Scattering in a Strong Magnetic Field, Physics of Plasmas, 9:1116-1124, 2002.
W. Horton, F. Porcelli, P. Zhu, A. Aydemir, Y. Kishimoto, T.Tajima, Ignitor physics assessment, Nuclear Fusion 42, 169 (2002)
B. Hu and W. Horton, Influential Tokamak Datasets from L-mode International Database, IFS report #904
P. Zhu, G. Bateman, A.H. Kritz and W. Horton, Predictive transport simulations of internal transport barriers using the multimode model, Physics of Plasmas, 7, 2898 (2000)
J. M. Kwon, W. Horton, P. Zhu, P. J. Morrison, H. B. Park, D. I. Choi, Global drift wave map test particle simulations, Physics of Plasmas, 7, 1169 (2000)
W. Horton, P. Zhu, G. T. Hoang, T. Aniel, M. Ottaviani, X. Garbet, Electron Transport in Tore Supra with fast wave electron heating, Physics of Plasmas, 7, 1494 (2000)
W. Horton and P. Zhu, Transport Barrier Dynamics, Physics of Plasmas, 7, 4534 (2000)
Wendell Horton and Akira Hawegawa. Quasi-two-dimensional dynamics of plasmas and fluids. Chaos. 4(2), 1994.
Wendell Horton, Drift Wave Turbulence and Anomalous Transport Handbook of Plasma Physics Volume 2: Basic Plasma Physics II. editors A.A. Galeev and R.N. Sudan. Elsevier Science Publishers, 1984.

Conference Proceedings

IAEA 2002
- B. Coppi, M.C. Firpo, L.E. Sugiyama, A. Airoldi, F. Bombarda, G. Cenacchi, P. Detragiache and W. Horton, H.V. Wang, J. Van Dam, B. Hu, F. Porcelli, Duk-In Choi, J.-M. Kwon, Physical Regimes Accessible to the Ignitor Experiment and Relevant Theoretical Developments
EPS 1999
- W. Horton, P. Zhu, T. Tajima, Y. Kishimoto, J.M. Kwon, and D.I. Choi, Transport Barriers in Optimized Shear Toroidal Confinement
EPS 2000
- Arnold H. Kritz, P. Zhu, G. Bateman, and W. Horton, Multi-Mode Model Transport Simulations of Internal Transport Barriers in JET and DIII-D
- V. Fuchs, A. Becoulet, L.G. Eriksson, C. Giroud, X. Garbet, E. Joffrin, W. Horton, P. Maget, X. Litaudon, D. Mazon, G. Tresset and P. Zhu, On sustaining low or reversed magnetic shear equilibria with non-inductive current drive on JET
IAEA 2000
- W. Horton, T. Tajima, A. Aydemir, F. Porcelli, Ignitor Physics Assessment and Confinement Projections
- G.M. Staebler, J.E. Kinsey, P. Zhu, G. Bateman, W. Horton, A.H. Kritz, T. Onjun, A. Pankin, and R.E. Waltz, Drift Wave-Based Modeling of Poloidal Spin-up Precursor and Step-wise Expansion of Transport Barriers
- G. T. HOANG, B. SAOUTIC, T. ANIEL, C. BOURDELLE, L. G. ERIKSSON, X. GARBET, G. GIRUZZI, M. OTTAVIANI, W. HORTON, P. ZHU, and R.V. BUDNY, ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND IMPROVED CONFINEMENT ON TORE SUPRA

Results

Fusion Triple Product Computed from ITER L-Mode Database

Total Database (1599 Shots)

ps
pdf
L- Mode Database (786 Shots)

JET (342 shots)

JT-60U (363 shots)

Fusion Confinement Parameter n tau_E,th

L- Mode Database (1312 Shots)

JET (433 shots)

JT-60U (363 shots)

Links

Comments to Bo Hu bhu@physics.utexas.edu